(c)++DNA+Replication

Complete Biology: page 191(end of section 11.2 ).

What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process of which the internal mechanisms of the cells match the component pieces of DNA together in a rapid section. These component pieces of DNA are called Nucleotides. The matching process takes place after specialized proteins in the cell bind to a strand of DNA. Different specialized proteins match the component nucleotide as the proteins move down the strand of DNA.|

Replication is a very important role since its main job is to copy the **genetic material exactly** and it will be passed on to other generations afterwards. The job of replication is to also copy the **coded instructions** for the characteristics and passing them from one organism to its offspring. This offspring will hold 1 of the coded instructions and is passed on later to their offspring. Exact replication of DNA is really important because it carries the genetic information of the cell. This must be carried carefully in order to have great accuracy and will not harm the organism



Stages of DNA replication
**__Words Definition:__**

**Polymerase**: Polymerase is also one of the enzymes. Main function of Polymerase is the polymerization of new DNA and RNA, and getting old DNA and RNA's template in the process of replication and transcription. **Ligase**: Ligase is an enzyme that has function of catalyst for joining two large molecules by forming new chemical bond. **Okazaki fragment**: Okazaki fragment is a small molecule of DNA with single stand form during DNA replication. In Escherichia coli, they are between 1000 to 2000 nucleotides long, in eukaryotes they are 100 to 200 nucleotides long **Topoisomerase**: Topoisomerase is one of the enzymes that controls about winding of DNA.
 * Helicase ** : Helicase is one of the enzymes that every single living organisms have. Main function of Helicase is to separate double helix of DNA by using ATP energy.There are DNA helicase and RNA helicase. DNA helicase is responsible for separating double-strand DNA into single-strand DNA allowing each strand to be copy.

=1. Helicase unwinds double helix of DNA into two stands=

("Helicase") =2. Polymerae supplies nucleotides to strands= (DNA Polymerase) =3. Ligase put the okazaki fragments together= =4. Topoisomerase cuts and joins the helix again=

("BIL 250 - Lecture 7.")

=5. RNA primase acts as a catalyst to the synthesis of RNA primers.=

**The two strands (sides) of the DNA**
Biology Textbook, 11.2 section, Cell Reproduction

The DNA self replicating. Each strand of DNA acts as a double helix and it must unwind and separate into two strands so that one strand can assemble the correct sequence of mRNA. This goes onto produce protein and enzymes. The second strand of the double helix is a mirror image of the first helix. The image above is zoomed in.

** How DNA duplicates **
Youtube DNA Replication video media type="youtube" key="CYRxQMqA4yQ?version=3" height="360" width="640"

Here is another video explaining the process of DNA replication

//DNA Replication Animation by Interact Medical// media type="youtube" key="zdDkiRw1PdU?version=3" height="360" width="640"

** Works Cited: **
//Age Without Getting Old //. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2011.  [].

"BIL 250 - Lecture 7." //University of Miami Department of Biology//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. []

//DNA Polymerase I //. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. [].

DNA Replicating Itself - "New Pair of Genes." //The Why Files | The Science Behind the News //. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. [].

"DNA Replication Animation by Interact Medical - YouTube." //YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.// 7 July 2009. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. [].

"DNA Replication." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 26 Oct. "Helicase | Learn Science at Scitable." //Nature Publishing Group : Science Journals, Jobs, and Information //. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. [].

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Youtube DNA Replication Video - "DNA Replication Process (In Plain English Style) - YouTube." //YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.// Web. 11 Oct. 2011. []

"Basics of DNA Replication- Suite101.com Images." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network //. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. <http://www.suite101.com/view_image.cfm/230204>.